Alzheimer's Disease

Overview

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder and the most common cause of dementia. It affects memory, thinking, and behavior, gradually interfering with daily tasks and independence. The condition is characterized by abnormal protein deposits in the brain, which disrupt communication between brain cells. While there’s no cure, early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Types

Alzheimer’s disease can progress through different stages:

• Preclinical Stage: No noticeable symptoms, but brain changes begin years before diagnosis.
• Mild Alzheimer’s: Memory lapses, difficulty with organizing or planning, and subtle personality changes.
• Moderate Alzheimer’s: Increased confusion, difficulty recognizing loved ones, and behavioral changes such as irritability or wandering.
• Severe Alzheimer’s: Loss of communication abilities, full dependency for daily activities, and physical decline.

Understanding the stage helps tailor care and support.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease include:

• Memory loss, particularly of recent events
• Difficulty solving problems or making decisions
• Confusion about time, place, or events
• Trouble finding words or following conversations
• Misplacing items and struggling to retrace steps
• Changes in mood, such as depression, anxiety, or withdrawal
• Difficulty with routine tasks like cooking or managing finances

Symptoms worsen over time, but early detection can improve outcomes.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing Alzheimer’s involves:

1. Medical History: Reviewing symptoms, family history, and any changes in daily function.
2. Mental Assessment: Assessing memory, problem-solving, and language skills with standardized tests.
3. Neurological Exam: Checking reflexes, coordination, and sensory responses.
4. Imaging Tests: MRI or CT scans help identify brain shrinkage or other abnormalities.
5. Lab Tests: Ruling out conditions like vitamin deficiencies or thyroid disorders that mimic Alzheimer’s.

Advanced techniques, like cerebrospinal fluid analysis or PET scans, may detect Alzheimer’s-specific brain changes.

Treatment

While there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease, Dr. Shenfeld takes a personalized, integrative approach focused on supporting brain health and slowing progression.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) — TMS is a non-invasive, in-office treatment that uses targeted magnetic pulses to stimulate areas of the brain involved in memory and cognition. For patients with Alzheimer's disease, TMS may help support cognitive function, improve mood, and enhance overall neurological activity.

Referrals & Collaborative Care — Because Alzheimer's gradually affects memory, mood, and everyday functioning, Dr. Shenfeld coordinates care with trusted specialists, including:

• Neurologists for advanced neurological evaluation and ongoing disease management
• Occupational Therapists to support daily living skills, safety, and independence
• Psychologists to support cognitive function, mood, and emotional well-being

As the condition changes over time, so does the plan — keeping the focus squarely on each patient's dignity, function, and quality of life.